通过对地震发生时铁路采取的应急处置措施和我国高速铁路地震监测系统现状的分析，提出建设铁路地震监测预警系统的必要性。为确定地震监测预警台站，研究在高速铁路沿线布置台站的技术方案，特在汉宜高速铁路进行列车通过噪声试验，采集列车通过测点引起的振动数据，探讨列车通过的最大振动加速度和测点与铁路正线距离之间的衰减关系。利用统计分析方法分析最大振动加速度和距离之间的衰减关系。利用频域分析方法设置低通滤波器，对列车引起的振动数据进行滤波，进一步减少列车对台站监测预警数据的影响，所提出的衰减关系及数据初步处理方法对高速铁路地震监测预警台站选取和建设具有指导意义。

By analyzing Railway Department’s emergency disposal when dealing with earthquake and the current situation of the high-speed railway earthquake monitoring system in our country, the necessity of building railway earthquake monitoring and early warning system is proposed. To determine the stations of the earthquake monitoring and early warning terminals and examine the technology solution of setting terminals along the high-speed railway, the train vibration data of the measuring points are collected based on the train’s noise test along the Wuhan-Yichang high-speed railway, and thus the maximum vibration acceleration of the train, as well as we attenuation of the distance between the measuring points and the railway main line, is discussed. By using frequency domain analysis method to set the low-pass filter, the train vibration data is filtered and the influence of train to the monitoring and warning data of stations is further reduced; the proposed attenuation relationship and preliminary data processing method have the guiding significance for selecting and constructing the stations of the high-speed railway earthquake monitoring and early warning system.