地球是一个巨大的开放系统，地壳放气现象是地壳不同层次进行物质、能量、信息交换的重要形式。因此，强烈放气通道实际上是一个洞察地球内部物理变化、化学变化、应力应变的"窗口"。通过系统观测和记录释放地点、释放量与释放方式，可以了解地壳内压力的变化与通道的开启状况，从而给地震预报、构造活动监测提供重要信息。断层土壤气测量在地震科学领域中应用广泛，且发挥了一定作用。本文在前人研究基础上归纳断层土壤气流动观测研究现状，并对其技术思路、数据分析等展开调查，为深入开展断层土壤气与气体运移关系的研究提出设想，以期形成相对成熟的观测技术系统，为开展地震相关研究服务。笔者认为，地震断层土壤气观测方法尚处于研究初期，不够成熟，但因其具有轻便、快捷、价廉的优点，具有广阔的应用前景与巨大的科学潜力。
The earth is an enormous open system and gas-releasing phenomenon of the crust is the major means of exchanges of matters, energy, and information between the deep and the shallow layers of the crust. Therefore a powerful gas-releasing channel is actually a window to understand the subterranean physical and chemical variations as well as stress-strain changes. Release quantities and ways obtained by systematically observing and recording the releasing places can indicate the pressure variations in the crust and openness states of channels, and furthermore provide important information for earthquake prediction, tectonic activities observation, and volcano monitoring. The fault soil gas measurement has been applied widely in seismological sciences and played an important role. This paper mainly introduces the current situation of fault soil gas flow observation and research on the basis of previous studies. In addition, this paper investigates its technical ideas, data analysis, etc., and proposes ideas for in-depth research on the relationship between fault soil gas and gas migration, expecting to form a relatively mature observation technology system to serve for the development of earthquake-related research. The authors believe that the method of soil gas observation of seismic fault is still in the early stage of research and is not mature enough; however, it has broad application prospect and great scientific potential because of its advantages of portability, speed, and low price.
2020,41(5): 122-127 收稿日期：2019-10-25
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-3246.2020.05.018
基金项目：国家重点研发计划（项目编号：2019YFC1509203）；中国地震局地壳应力研究所所长基金（项目编号：ZDJ2017-27）
作者简介：苏荣托雅,女,工程师,主要从事地震监测和地震预测预报研究工作。E-mail:79601189@qq.com
*通讯作者：高小其(1966-),男,研究员,主要从事地震地球化学的研究。E-mail:gaoxq06@126.com
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