以昆明地震台井水、渔塘水为研究对象，通过水质、同位素分析方法并结合水文地质、构造地质等资料，探究井水地球化学特征及意义，以及井水与渔塘水之间的水力关系。研究结果显示：昆明地震台井水、渔塘水水化学类型为HCO3—Ca型，水质受含水层和隔水层岩性控制，与2018年相比2020年井水水化学特征发生了显著变化，K+、HCO3-浓度降低，这反映了昆明地震台井—含水层渗透性有所增加；SO42-、Cl-浓度的增加则表明昆明地震台井水会受到人为干扰。研究区构造活动平稳，井水为未成熟水，演化程度较低，因含水层渗透性增强和人为干扰，自2018年7月至2020年11月昆明地震台井水—岩作用有所增强，表现为δD、δ18O富集，Mg2+浓度升高。井水补给来源为大气降水，补给区位于观测井正北的石关一带。渔塘水与昆明地震台井水间存在水力关系，在分析地表水对昆明地震台井的影响时应予以考虑，但渔塘水不是影响井水的主要因素。
Taking well water and fish pond water of Kunming Seismic Station as study objects, the characteristics and significance of well water geochemistry and hydraulic relationship between well water and fishpond water are studied by water quality, isotope analysis method and hydrogeology, structural geology, etc. The results show that the water chemical type of well water and fish pond water at Kunming Seismic Station is HCO3- -Ca type, and the water quality is controlled by the lithology of aquifer and water resisting layer. Compared with well water in the year of 2018, the water chemical characteristics of well water in the year of 2020 has changed significantly. The decrease of K+ and HCO3- concentration indicates that the permeability of well-aquifer of Kunming Seismic Station is increased, and the increase of SO42-and Cl- concentration indicates that the well water of Kunming Seismic Station is disturbed artificially. The tectonic activity in the study area is stable, and the well water is immature water with a low degree of evolution. Due to the enhancement of the permeability of aquifer and artificial disturbance, the water-rock interaction of well at Kunming Seismic Station has been enhanced from July 2018 to November 2020, showing the enrichment of δD and δ18O and the increase of Mg2+ concentration. The recharge source of well water is meteoric water, and the recharge area is Shiguan area, which is north of the observation well. There is a certain hydraulic relationship between the pond water and the well water, which should be taken into account when analyzing the influence of surface water on Kunming Seismic Station well. However, the fishpond water is not the main factor affecting well water.
2022,43(1): 125-132 收稿日期：2021-06-04
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-3246.2022.01.018
作者简介：李圣（1988—），男，硕士，助理工程师，主要从事地震地质及地震地下流体研究工作。E-mail：969667112 @qq.com
*通讯作者：张立（1963—），女，本科，高级工程师，主要从事地震地下流体研究及地震预报工作。E-mail：
1024130286@qq.com
参考文献：
韩贵琳,刘丛强. 贵州喀斯特地区河流的研究——碳酸盐岩溶解控制的水文地球化学特征[J]. 地球科学进展,2005,20(4):394-406.
胡小静,付虹,张翔,等. 昭通地区流体观测井地下水地球化学特征[J]. 地震研究,2020,43(4):630-637.
李学礼,孙占学,刘金辉. 水文地球化学[M]. 3版. 北京:原子能出版社,2010:250-251.
柳鉴容,宋献方,袁国富,等. 中国东部季风区大气降水δ18O的特征及水汽来源[J]. 科学通报,2009,54(22):3 521-3 531.
刘耀炜,施锦. 强震地下流体前兆信息特征[J]. 地震学报,2000,22(1):102-109.
盛艳蕊,张子广,周月玲,等. 河北何家庄流体观测井水文地球化学特征分析[J]. 中国地震,2020,36(2):295-304.
杨秋野,张艳,符力耘,等. 应力变化与流体(水位、水温、水化学、土壤气等)变化的耦合机理及其在川滇地区地震前兆研究中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,2020,35(6):2 124-2 133.
张国盟,刘耀炜,张磊,等. 地下水测年方法及其在地震监测中的应用展望[J]. 中国地震,2015,31(1):1-10.
张洪志,吕欣. 克山县天然矿泉水分布与形成机制分析[J]. 黑龙江水利科技,2015,43(9):28-32.
张春山,张业成,吴满路. 南北地震带南段水文地球化学特征及其与地震的关系[J]. 地质力学学报,2003,9(1):21-30.
张磊,刘耀炜,任宏微,等. 氢氧稳定同位素在地下水异常核实中的应用[J]. 地震地质,2016,38(3):721-731.
朱秀勤,范弢,官威. 昆明大气降水稳定同位素分析[J]. 云南地理环境研究,2013,25(5):90-95.
Claesson L, Skelton A, Graham C, et al. Hydrogeochemical changes before and after a major earthquake[J]. Geology, 2004, 32(8):641-644.
Claesson L, Skelton A, Graham C, et al. The timescale and mechanisms of fault sealing and water-rockinteraction after an earthquake[J]. Geofluids, 2007, 7(4):427-440.
Skelton A, Andrén M, Kristmannsdóttir H, et al. Changes in groundwater chemistry before two consecutive earthquakes in Iceland[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2014, 7(10):752-756.
Graig H. Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science[J], 1961,133(3 465):1 702-1 703.
