异常调研是地震监测预报工作条例的基础环节，准确识别地震地球物理异常是地震预报科学难题之一。迪庆流体观测井是云南省地震地球物理观测台网滇西观测台之一，自2011年以来同步开展水位和水温观测。2021年9月，该井水位、水温测项同步出现快速上升变化，与2012年6月24日宁蒗MS 5.7地震发生前异常特征相似。为确证异常的地震前兆意义，基于客观性、基础性系统开展现场调研。通过观测系统工作状态和观测站环境变化调查，排除人为干扰，确证了异常的客观性。通过井水与井区周边地表水的化学成分对比检测，论证了异常的基础性，应为当前观测井附近区域深部活动的体现。结合以往震例，明确了异常具有的地震前兆意义，证明了本次异常调研的有效性。本次开展的震前异常调研和震后异常总结工作，可为该区域未来震情分析研判提供参考。
Anomaly investigation is the basic link of earthquake monitoring and forecasting work regulations. Accurately identifying earthquake geophysical anomalies is one of the scientific problems of earthquake prediction. The Diqing Fluid Observation Well is one of the western Yunnan observation stations of the Yunnan Seismic and Geophysical Observatory Network. Since 2011, water level and water temperature observations have been carried out simultaneously. In September 2021, the water level and water temperature measurement items of the well experienced a rapid rise and change simultaneously, which was similar to the abnormal characteristics before the Ninglang MS 5.7 earthquake on June 24, 2012. In order to confirm the significance of abnormal earthquake precursors, on-site investigations are carried out based on an objective and basic system. Through the investigation of the working state of the observation system and the environmental changes of the observation station, human interference was excluded, and the objectivity of the anomaly was confirmed. Through the wellhead flow change experiment and the comparative detection of the chemical composition of the well water and the surface water around the well area, the basicity of the anomaly is demonstrated, and it should be the embodiment of the deep activity in the area near the current observation well. Combined with previous earthquake cases, the significance of the anomaly as an earthquake precursor is clarified, which proves the validity of this anomaly investigation. The pre-earthquake anomaly investigation and postearthquake anomaly summary work carried out this time can provide a reference for the analysis and judgment of the future earthquake situation in this area.
2022,43(2): 180-187 收稿日期：2022-3-21
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-3246.2022.02.023
作者简介：杨黎(1993-),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事地震监测预报研究工作。E-mail:1339518135@qq.com
*通讯作者：张立,女,高级工程师,主要从事地震预报、地下流体研究工作。E-mail:1024130286@qq.com
参考文献：
郭啟倩. 基于B/S的地震分析预报信息管理与服务系统设计与实现[D]. 武汉:中国地震局地震研究所, 2015.
金忆农,张儒杰. 水-硫化氢双温交换法制取重水[J]. 低温与特气, 1998,(3):30-35.
李丽辉,王宇. 云南省迪庆香格里拉盆地地热资源勘查物探方法的应用[J]. 中国岩溶, 2004, 23(3):187-195.
李琼,付虹,胡小静,等. 云南水化学观测异常与地震关系[J]. 地震研究, 2020, 43(2):7.
李瑞,肖琼,刘文,等. 运用硫同位素、氮氧同位素示踪里湖地下河硫酸盐、硝酸盐来源[J]. 环境科学, 2015,(8):10.
龙汨. 云南省腾冲县部分温泉的特征与成因[D]. 北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2015.
唐仲兴,曹永健,李君英. 华北强震、中强震水文地球化学前兆异常标志的模糊识别[J]. 地震, 1994,(Z1):90-101.
王晓青. R值用于地震预测效能评估中的问题与改进[J]. 中国地震, 2000, 16(3):7.
王宇,杨世瑜. 香格里拉盆地地热地质特征及勘探前景[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2003, 23(3):265-269.
魏兴,周金龙,乃尉华,等. 新疆喀什三角洲地下水化学特征及演化规律[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40(9):10.
袁建飞,邓国仕,徐芬,等. 西昌市尔乌泉域泉水水文地球化学特征及成因[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2017, 44(4):15-22.
张磊,刘耀炜,任宏微,等. 氢氧稳定同位素在地下水异常核实中的应用[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(3):11.
赵洪声,苏有锦. 云南地震前兆与短临预报[J]. 地震研究, 2000, 23(1):11.
Craig H. Isotopic variations in meteoric waters[J]. Science, 1961, 133(3 465):1 702-1 703.
Giggenbach W F. Geothermal solute equilibria. derivation of Na-K-Mg-Ca geoindicators[J]. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 1988, 52(12):2 749-2 765.
Huang Q B, Qin X Q, Yang Q Y, et al. Identific- ation of dissolved sulfate sources and the role of sulfuric acid in carbonate weathering using δCDLC and δ34S in karst area, northern China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2016, 75(1):51.
