气枪震源具有高度可重复性,可用于检测和分析地震监测仪器的响应特性。2016年5—6月,在福建漳州南一水库、永定棉花滩水库进行气枪主动源激发观测实验,使用全球导航卫星系统GNSS、强震仪、烈度计实时采集数据,应用地震监测实时仿真对比系统,将强震仪和烈度计记录信号仿真为位移信号,与GNSS记录的真实位移信号进行对比分析,验证实时仿真对比算法的可靠性、适用条件以及强震仪和烈度计记录位移的能力。结果表明,该实时仿真对比系统具备实时数据接收、数据处理、数据显示功能,实现了各类仪器记录波形的实时对比,具体如下:①GNSS仪器Trimble NetR9记录的GPS信号,与北斗信号差分解算后的精度(水平向精度5mm,垂直向精度10mm)相当;②烈度计VH-GL-LDY与强震仪CMG-50TCDE记录波形具有较好的一致性,采用同一NTP授时服务器,CMG-50TDE在授时精度上的表现优于VH-GL-LDY;③强震仪和烈度计记录的加速度信号可以仿真得到相对真实的位移时程,且仿真位移信号在10—60 s频带范围内与GNSS位移信号的相关性最高。
The air gun source is highly repeatable and can be used to detect and analyze the response characteristics of seismic monitoring instruments, so we developed a real-time simulation and comparison system for seismic monitoring and applied it in the air gun active source excitation observation experiments of Nanyi reservoir in Zhangzhou, Fujian, and Mianhuatan reservoir in Yongding from May to June 2016. The system collects real-time data of GNSS, strong motion instrument, and intensity meter simulates the signals of strong motion instrument and intensity meter as displacement signals and compares them with the displacement signals of GNSS to verify the reliability and application conditions of the real-time simulation comparison algorithm and the ability of strong earthquake instrument and intensity meter to record displacement. The results show that:① The system has three functional modules:real-time data receiving, data processing, and data display. It also realizes the real-time waveform comparison function of different instruments. The GPS and Beidou signals recorded by GNSS instrument (Trimble NetR9) have the same accuracy (5 mm in horizontal direction and 10 mm in vertical direction) after the difference solution.②The waveforms of theintensity meter (VH-GL-LDY) and strong motion meter (CMG-50TDE) have a good consistency. When the same NTP timing server is used at the same time, the CMG-50TDE instrument performs better than the VH-GL-LDY instrument in timing accuracy.③The acceleration signal recorded by the strong seismometer and intensity meter can be simulated to obtain the relatively real displacement and the simulated displacement signal has the highest correlation with the GNSS displacement signal within the frequency band of 10-60 s.
2022,43(5): 100-110 收稿日期:2022-02-09
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-3246.2022.05.013
基金项目:国家自然科学基金:气枪震源在地壳介质变化监测中的精度及影响因素分析(项目编号:41774068);福建省地震局地震物理预测探索研究科技创新团队项目
作者简介:洪明泉(1988-),男,工程师,主要从事地震预测预报、气枪主动源数据处理等工作。E-mail:carain@foxmail.com
参考文献:
洪旭瑜,秦双龙. 福建重力台网映震效能分析[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学,2021,41(3):238-242.
金星,马强,李山有. 四种计算地震反应数值方法的比较研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(1):18-30.
金星,马强,李山有. 利用数字强震仪记录实时仿真地动速度[J]. 地震工程与工程振动,2004a,24(1):49-54.
金星,马强,李山有. 利用数字化速度记录实时仿真位移与加速度时程[J]. 地震工程与工程振动,2004b,24(6):9-14.
金星,马强,李山有. 利用数字强震仪记录实时仿真地动位移[J]. 地震学报,2005,27(1):79-85.
李永振,金震,郭丹阳,等. 共同台基的强震仪记录与地震仪记录对比研究[J]. 中国地震,2012,28(3):304-312.
刘瑞丰,陈培善,党京平,等. 宽频带数字地震记录仿真的应用[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究,1997,18(3):7-12.
马强,金星,李山有. 单自由度系统地震动力反应的实时计算方法[J]. 地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(5):61-68.
张红才,金星,李军,等. 烈度仪用于地震预警的可靠性研究——以高雄MS 6.8地震为例[J]. 地震学报,2017,39(6):955-964.
张红才,金星,王士成,等. 烈度仪记录与强震及测震记录的对比分析——以2015年河北昌黎ML 4.5地震为例[J]. 地震学报,2017,39(2):273-285.
张树君,肖健,王辉山,等. 基于ArcGIS Engine的地震应急自动成图系统设计与实现[J]. 地理空间信息,2018,16(3):71-73.
张树君,朱耿青,郑超,等. 基于GIS福州市应急避难场所空间分布的指标评价分析[J]. 测绘与空间地理信息,2021,44(10):104-107.
Kanamori H, Maechling P, Hauksson E. Continuous monitoring of ground strong motion parameters[J]. Bull Seismol Soc Am, 1999, 89(1):311-316.