收集整理2022年全球地震灾情信息,简述造成人员死亡较多的几次国外地震灾害的情况,与近10年地震灾情数据进行对比,分析本年度国外地震灾害特点。结果显示,2022年全球7.0级以上发震频次为2012年以来最低值,国外6.0级及以上地震造成的人员伤亡较去年有所减少,地震空间与灾害损失分布相对集中,且次生灾害造成的损失较重。潜在的地震和次生灾害风险,要求灾害风险治理和建筑物抗震性能改善同步发力,同时应加强震后救援和应急避险自救能力建设,提高综合减灾成效。
This paper collects and organizes the seismic disaster information of the world in 2022 and describes the earthquake disasters that caused significant casualties in foreign countries. Comparing the data of the past 10 years, the earthquake disaster characteristics of foreign countries show that the frequency of global 7.0+ magnitude earthquakes in 2022 is the lowest since 2012. Foreign earthquakes with a magnitude of MS 6.0 and above caused fewer casualties than last year, and the spatial and casualty distributions of earthquakes are concentrated relatively, with heavier losses from secondary disasters. These potential earthquake and secondary disaster risks require simultaneous effects of disaster risk management and building seismic capacity improvement. Meanwhile, it is necessary to strengthen the development of post-earthquake rescue and emergency evacuation self-help capabilities to improve the effectiveness of comprehensive disaster reduction.
2023,44(2): 86-92 收稿日期:2023-1-30
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-3246.2023.02.011
基金项目:地震应急青年重点任务“开源GIS地图符号转换插件研发”(项目编号:CEAEDEM022)
作者简介:陈雅慧(1990—),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事地震应急制图和数据分析工作。E-mail:chenyahui@seis.ac.cn
*通讯作者:郑通彦(1982-),女,高级工程师,主要从事地震应急技术与信息可视化研究工作。E-mail:zhengtongyan@seis.ac.cn
参考文献:
陈雅慧,高小跃,李华玥,等. 2021年国外地震灾害及损失述评[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究,2022,43(3):157-164.
马宗晋,杜品仁,高祥林,等. 东亚与全球地震分布分析[J]. 地学前缘,2010,17(5):215-233.
赵荣国,张洪由. 地震灾情因社会发展而加重——20世纪全球地震灾害综述[J]. 国际地震动态,1999,(6):1-11.
Holzer T L,Savage J C著.全球地震死亡人数与人口[J]. 郎从,吴新燕译. 世界地震译丛,2013,(2):29-45.
Joseph A. Investigating Seafloors and Oceans[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2015-0-05842-7.
USGS. M 6.1-65 km NNW of Bukittinggi, Indonesia[EB/OL]. [2022a-02-25] https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000gzyg/executive.2022a.
USGS. M 7.0-11 km NE of Bantay, Philippines[EB/OL]. [2022b-07-27] https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000i5rd/executive.2022b.