通过分析和引入多种系统因素变量，依据磁通门经纬仪测量原理及有关数学方法，建立基于近零法和指零法的磁通门经纬仪的仪器差比测模型，并基于该模型采用GUM方法，对实际数据进行不确定度评定实验，结果表明：该模型具有实用性，可替代我国地磁台网比测使用的传统模型。同时，借助本模型的分析，认为可通过以下方法减小测量不确定度：测量次数N应控制在最佳范围内；应科学合理地架设相对记录仪器，使其达到Z轴最佳垂直度和最佳定向状态，并选择日变化最小时段进行测量；掌握仪器修正系数的长期变化特性，提高标定次数和质量；测量时段保持环境温度恒定。
According to the measurement principle of the fluxgate theodolite and the relevant mathematical methods, the instrument difference comparison model of the fluxgate theodolite based on the near zero method and the zero pointing method was established by analyzing and introducing a variety of systematic factor variables, and based on this model, the GUM method was used to evaluate the uncertainty of the actual data. The results show that the model is practical and can replace the traditional comparison model of geomagnetic networks in China. Meanwhile, with the help of this model, the measurement uncertainty can be reduced by the following methods:The number of measurements N should be controlled within the optimal range; the relative recording instrument should be erected scientifically and reasonably to achieve the best verticality and orientation of Z-axis, and the period with the minimum daily change should be selected for measurement; grasp the long-term change characteristics of the instrument correction coefficient and improve the calibration times and quality; and keep the ambient temperature constant during the measurement.
2023,44（3）: 73-81 收稿日期：2023-01-30
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-3246.2023.03.010
基金项目：全国地震专用计量测试技术委员会国家计量技术规范制修订项目（项目编号：JSGF21008）
作者简介：古云飞(1989-),男,工程师,学士,主要研究方向:地磁场的测量与地磁仪器的计量。E-mail:largewings@163.com
参考文献：
车濛琪,应允翔,汪继林,等. 地磁观测质量与温度的关系分析[J]. 科技资讯,2020,18(33):50-52.
陈贤,成万里,黄恩贤. 信阳台地磁观测数据干扰分析及观测质量改善[J]. 高原地震,2021,33(3):41-46.
迟铖,王丹,吕俊伟,等. 基于粒子群遗传算法的三轴磁通门误差校正[J]. 探测与控制学报,2021,43(3):98-102.
刘浩,李予国,丁学振,等. 三轴磁通门传感器温漂误差分析及其校正方法[J]. 中国海洋大学学报,2022,52(5):107-113.
罗玉芬,王建格,陆镜辉. 肇庆地磁台基线值观测精度分析[J]. 华南地震,2021,41(3):148-154.
屈文斌. 基于单片机的磁通门传感器非正交性校正研究[J]. 仪表与自动化装置,2020,35(4):62-65.
宋思璇,邓明,陈凯,等. 数字正交基模磁通门传感器电路[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报,2020,34(5):97-102.
王晓美,滕云田,谭婧,等. 三轴磁通门传感器水平和定向对地磁日变化观测数据的影响[J]. 地震学报,2017,39(3):429-435.
姚远,王晓美,张平,等. MINGEO-DI仪磁通门探头更换标定[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究,2016,37(5):126-130.
张策,滕云田,张涛,等. 自动磁通门经纬仪多参量误差补偿算法[J]. 仪器仪表学报,2020,41(6):85-93.
张涛,张策,滕云田,等. 地磁偏角倾角绝对测量技术发展现状综述[J]. 仪器仪表学报,2018,39(8):80-90.
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. JJF 1059.1-2012测量不确定度评定与表示[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2013.
Jankowski J, Sucksdoroff C. Guide for magnetic measurements and observatory practice[S]. Boulder:International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 1996.
Marsal S, Torta J M. An evaluation of the uncertainty associated with the measurement of the geomagnetic field with a D/I fluxgate theodolite[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2007, 18(7):2 143-2 156.
