探讨利用磁通门经纬仪（DI仪）测量机场磁偏角的新方法——分量测量法，即利用DI仪测量的地磁场水平分量（X、Y）计算磁偏角。对影响磁偏角测量精度的主要因素进行分析，详细阐述DI仪测量地磁场水平分量及磁偏角的计算过程。实践表明，采用分量法对机场磁偏角进行观测和计算是合理的。这种测量方法与常规的近零法所得测量结果相吻合，其测量精度满足相关测量规范的要求。而且，由于分量法在测量地磁偏角的过程中无需追踪水平磁场的零位，因而操作更简便、作业效率更高，更适合机场、码头等野外测量场合。
This paper discusses a new method for measuring airport magnetic declination using the DI magnetometer, the component method, which calculates the magnetic declination using the horizontal components (X, Y) of the geomagnetic field measured by the DI magnetometer, analyzes the main factors that affect the measurement accuracy of magnetic declination, and explains in detail the calculation process of the DI magnetometer for measuring the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field and the magnetic declination. Practice has shown that the observation and calculation methods to measure airport magnetic declination using the component method are reasonable. This measurement method is consistent with the measurement results obtained by the conventional near zero method, and its measurement accuracy meets the requirements of relevant measurement specifications. In addition, since there is no need to track the zero position of the horizontal magnetic field during the measurement process of the component method, using the component method to measure geomagnetic declination is more convenient and efficient, and is more suitable for field measurement occasions such as airports and docks.
2023,44（6）: 48-55 收稿日期：2023-4-23
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-3246.2023.06.008
基金项目：湖南省自然科学基金（项目编号：2021JJ30244）
作者简介：邱天巍（1997—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：地磁测量和地磁研究以及测量数据处理等。E-mail：1244714478@qq.com
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